What Happens At End Of Millennial Reign Revealed
"Call to Me and I will answer you and tell you great and hidden thing's that you have not known." Jeremiah 3:3
The final chapters of the Book of Revelation tell us in detail how the earthly kingdoms of mankind come to an end. During the final battle of Armageddon, Jesus comes down from heaven followed by an army of angels and an entourage of saints fresh from the Marriage Supper of the Lamb (Revelation 19:6-9, 11-14). The armies of angels will be responsible for defeating the armies of Satan. The saints which are now considered the Children of God accompany Christ as He takes control of the earth which He has paid for with His life. With only a word, Christ will quickly strikes down all the spirits of the fallen angels and demons as well as all unrighteous people throughout the world (Revelation 19:15-18). The angelic sprits are imprisoned down in the earth in a place known as Tartarus (II Peter 2:4: Jude 1:6, II Perter 2:4). The spirits of the unrighteous dead humans are also confined down in the earth but in a place called Sheol or Hell. Jesus has the Antichrist and False Prophet thrown into the Lake of Fire and Satan confined in a bottomless pit (Revelation 19:20).
Jesus continues to descend to the earth and actually stands on the Mount of Olives in the exact same place that He ascended from 2,000 years ago (Zechariah 14:4; Acts 1:11) . He will go down into the Kidron Valley also known as the Valley of Josephat and up the other side towards the Temple Mount in Jerusalem. He will enter Jerusalem by passing through the Beautiful Gate. This is the same gate He used at His triumphant entry on Palm Sunday. All other times He used the Sheep Gate. This was the only gate that was concreated as Holy in that the Temple sacrificial lambs would pass through this gate. This was also the gate He passed through on His way to Golgotha or Hill of the Skull where He was crucified. He will walk to the Temple Mount, into the 3rd Temple and sit on the Throne of David as King of the earth and High Priest of mankind.
This actual day is known as the Day of the Lord. For many people it will be a sudden and dreadful day in that millions of unrighteous people throughout the world have suddenly died in their sins. This action will be accomplished in the exact same way that the first born of the Egyptians were killed the night before the exodus (Isaiah 13:9-11, Isaiah 24:21-22;Joel 46:10; Revelation 6:15-17; Romans 2:5; Zephaniah 1:14-18, Zephaniah 3:8). But for the righteous, it will be a wonderful and joyous day in that God now reigns supreme and in peace through His Holy Word Jesus the Christ. It is now that He begins His rule over the entire earth known as the Millennial Reign (Isaiah 11:4,6; Isaiah 65:20; Revelation 20:1-3). Thus, the phrase, “…one day is with the Lord as a thousand years, and a thousand years as one day” now makes perfect prophetic sense (II Peter 3:8).
Those following Him as He approaches the Temple will be composed of two types of people. First are the saints who were raptured into heaven 7 years earlier. At that time, they received the Bema Seat Judgement of Christ. This Judgement is for the rewards that the various saints will have bestowed upon them based on the service they provided in helping to grow the spiritual Kingdom of Christ on earth. These raptured saints have become physically immortal and will live eternally with Christ. Some will also receive one or more of five different crowns based on the type of exemplary service they provided. And all will receive positions of governance to assist Christ worldwide in His 1,000 year reign. Some will serve in high ranking positions of authority and some will serve in lower positions. But all will have meaningful, exciting and rewarding tasks to perform. The Book of Genesis tells us that, “The Lord God placed Adam in the Garden of Eden to tend and watch over it.”(Genesis 2:15) So, from the very beginning, mankind has always be given the opportunity to perform meaningful activities that were useful, pleasing and in service to God’s greater master plan.
The second type of people following Christ into the Temple are those who were not raptured because, at that time, they were found by the Holy Spirit to have been unrighteous. However, during the 7 year tribulation period, they came to have faith Jesus and were born again in the spirit. Many of these people who came to Christ during the tribulation period died ether from persecution or natural causes, but their spirits were immediately with Christ in heaven. They too will be resurrected and given immortal bodies and serve during the Reign of Christ on earth. However, many of these saved people will survive the tribulation and witness Jesus’ Second Coming. They will continue to live in their mortal bodies, but will be rewarded in two ways. First, they will receive the blessing of longevity and will live as long as did the Old Testament patriarchs (Genesis 5). Second, they will also enjoy living on an earth that is now free from war, crime, disease and hunger. They will now live in a world not experienced since the Garden of Eden. And it is in this new world they will serve the will of God by repopulating the earth with a new generation of mortals thereby growing the family of God.
At the end of the 1,000 year Reign of Christ, Satan is quietly released from the pit and allowed back into the world ( Revelation 20: 1-3). The reason he is released is that God will continue to use him to test the virtue of people. It is easy not to sin against God when there is no knowledge of sin in the world. Many of the children born during the Reign of Christ will resist the temptations of Satan but some will rebel against God. Those that rebel will organize an army and march against Christ who rules the world from Jerusalem. As they approach the city, the apostle John in the Book of Revelation tells us that fire suddenly came down from heaven and consumed them (Revelation 20: 7-10).
He then writes that as he continued to look at the sky, he saw two separate events take place. First, he saw, “a Great White Throne and He who sat on it, from whose face the earth and heaven {atmosphere of the earth} fled away: and there was no place for them (Revelation 20:11). This is the Great White Throne Judgment of God. All the unrighteous human spirits that were once confined in Sheol, and all the fallen angels confined in a lower chamber known as Tartarus, will appear individually appear before Christ and be judged.
John then says, “I saw a New Heaven and a New Earth; for the first heaven and the first earth were passed away {regenerated}; and, there was no more sea.” (Revelation 21:1). It is the apostle Peter who now takes over and further explains to us exactly how and why this happens. He first explains that the deplorable state that man has created on the current earth with its polluted atmosphere has been kept or allowed to remain in this condition by the Word of God ( II Peter 3:7). But, at the end of the Millennial Reign of Christ, it will be transformed by being purified and regenerated by the power or fire of the Holy Spirt of God. And, this change will occur on earth during the time when the Great White Throne Judgment of God is taking place.
Peter goes on to explain that the 1,000 Reign of Christ will end with no notice, or “like a thief in the night;”(II Peter 3:10) The earth’s atmosphere will be purified so quickly by the Holy Spirit that its change from a polluted mire to a pristine state will sound like a tremendous peal of thunder heard around the entire world. And with the approach of the New Jerusalem coming down from the sky, the surface of the polluted earth will glow red and appear as if it is on fire. This is actually the Holy Spirit purifying the earth by dissolving all pollution, toxic waste dump sites, radioactive waste, viruses, genetically altered life forms and the stain left from decomposing bodies that were once contained in grave sites. Lastly, even Sheol or Hell itself will be lifted up from the depths of the earth and thrown into the Lake of Fire (Revelation 20:14). However, true to His word, God has declared that the earth will never be destroyed (Psalm 37:29, 104:5, Ecclesiastes 1:4; Isaiah 45:17; Ephesians 3:21). Thus, through the purification process of the Holy Spirit, it will become a new earth enveloped by a purified atmosphere where the homes of the Children of God will exist eternally (Isaiah 65:7; 66:22; II Peter 3:7-13).
The world will now in many ways no longer resemble the one we live in today. It will also not resemble the antediluvian world before the flood of Noah. It will be like the original primeval atmosphere created by God before the curse of God that brought the first flood that is only briefly mentioned in Genesis (Genesis 1:1). This was the flood that caused the earth to become without form and void and darkness upon the face of the deep.
The apostle Peter rightly divided the natural history of the world into 3 Ages of existence. Scripture does not tell us about the first Age of the earth. This Age ended with God pronouncing a curse on it. No reason is given as to why He pronounced this curse. We are only told that from the vantage point of space, our flooded world looked “without form” as it appeared to undulate due to the water reacting to the rotational movement of the earth. The earth was also void of any life that once existed when there was dry land. And the earth was also in complete darkness caused by the thick impenetrable worldwide cloud cover. Peter refers to this time period as “the world that then was;”.
The Bible begins it narration of creation with God rescinding the curse and commanding that the earth be regenerated and to now return back to its original perfect state of being. This regeneration action by God is what is referred to as the creation story. It is the sequence of this regeneration of the earth that is described in the Book of Genesis. Each day a command was given by God accompanied by the power of the Holy Spirit.
There was a second flood known as the flood of Noah that destroyed the earth for a second time but only had a duration of one year or three hundred and sixty-five days. This time there were several reasons given in scripture as to why God caused the world to be flooded. First, there was incredible violence and bloodshed on the earth. The thoughts of mankind were always only of depravity, war, revenge, power and lust for material wealth (Genesis 6:5). Second, and perhaps most importantly, just prior to the flood, we are informed that the sons of God or angels, married the daughters of men and created giants or Nephilim (Genesis 6:1-4). This was a plot by Satan to corrupt the gene pool of man in an effort to stop the birth of the Messiah.
The first prophecy in the Bible is given by God in the Garden of Eden. He tells Adam, Eve and the serpent or Satan that, “the Seed of the woman will crush the head of the serpent”. All 3 understood that a woman would one day give birth to a child that would be the savior or Messiah from God. This person would defeat Satan and end his reign of sin, death, the grave and Sheol or Hell. After this second flood, life once again quickly recovered and has remained much the same to this day. At that time, God swore an oath on Himself that He would never again destroy the earth using a flood. Peter refers to this current Age with the term, “Are now” (Genesis 1:3; 2:1).
And Lastly, the Bible prophesies that there will be a third future regeneration of the earth by fire (II Peter 3:10). However, this transformation is by the fire power of the Holy Spirit. It will destroy all that is unholy in order to make the earth fit for the arrival of the New Jerusalem. And it is from this city that the Triune Godhead will rule all creation for eternity. But, in order to make the earth clean and Holy for the presence of the Godhead, it will require the purification of the earth and its atmosphere by the Holy Spirit. Again this New Heaven and the New Earth process will take place on the last day of the Millennial Reign of Christ (II Peter 3:5-7, 3).
It is clear from scripture that God only creates something once. Neither the past two floods nor the coming transformation by the fire of the Holy Spirit destroys the earth nor all life on earth. In fact, after the first flood, God created Adam and Eve and commanded them to “replenish” the earth (Genesis 1:27-28). And after the second flood God told Noah to multiply and replenish the earth (Genesis 9:1).
The term pass away does not translate from Hebrew or Greek the idea of the inhalation of existence but only to pass from one condition to another. Both Jesus and Paul use the word “regeneration” to explain the transition of the earth from its current atmosphere, land and life forms to a final sin free transformation (Titus 3:5; Matthew 19:28). At the time of the third transformation or end of the Millennial Reign of Christ, only righteous people are left on the earth and they have all undergone their own regeneration or rebirth in body, mind and spirit. Some have been rewarded with immortality and now live on an earth eternally free from sin in all its various forms. Some are mortal and continue to repopulate the earth. At the end of their lives, they too will be rewarded with immortality. Both populations will all be as Adam and Eve were in the Garden of Eden before their fall due to sin. And because they are free of sin, they will be able to directly commune with God the Father, God the Word or Jesus and God the Holy Spirit. Only then can they receive the full promise of all the privileges and rights that are given to them as Children of God and heirs to His eternal Kingdom plans.
The earth today is in a continuous state of corruption and mankind is held captive by sin (Romans 8:19-23). The renewing process begins when a person accepts Christ as their savior. They are immediately indwelled by the Holy Spirt in what is called being reborn in the spirit. The next renewing transformation will take place at the rapture. The dead will be resurrected immortal and their bodies indwelled by their spirits kept in safe keeping by Christ since their deaths. Those alive on earth at this time will be translated from mortal to immortal. Both groups will be raptured into heaven for 7 years. At this point there are now only two types of people. The righteous now in heaven and the unrighteous on earth. The unrighteous will experience 7 years of tribulation with the last 3.5 years being particularly horrific. Some will see the errors of their ways and become saved through faith in Christ. Others will rationalize that there is no God and therefore salvation can only come through mankind working together through a One World Order to achieve a common goal.
The earth's population 8 billion people has been reduced in four ways. First, the rapture took 2.5 billion Christians, and another 2.5 billion children leaving 3 billion people to go through the great tribulation. Second, Scripture then tells us that there will be a great war {WWIII} that kills a third of mankind thus leaving 2 billion people (Revelation 9:14-18). Third, perhaps another billion is killed over the 7 year tribulation period due to a series of plagues, famines, genocide campaigns, natural disasters and wars caused by the rule of the Antichrist. Forth, the earth is prophesied to be struck in succession by two asteroids that poison the majority of the earth's fresh water supply (Revelation 8:8-9, 10-11). This can be easily accomplished as currently only 1.2% of the earths water is fresh surface water. Revelation also tells us that these strikes will throw so many tons of soil and rock into the atmosphere that the planet will be darkened such that the sun cannot be seen and the moon turns blood red. The lack of sun light will quickly cause plant then animal life to die out (Revelation 8:12). By the end of the tribulation period, the world is facing the extinction of all life on the planet (Matthew 24:20-22). Yet the Antichrist is still singularly focused on the annihilation of Israel as only this can save the eternal fate of His god Satan. On the final day of the 7 year period, the Jewish nation in total desperation, finally drops to their knees and fervently prays for God to send the Messiah. Jesus now returns to earth and instantly destroys all the unrighteous ,and so begins the 1,000 year reign of Christ on earth.
Although John says he heard the atmosphere of earth explode from the cleansing fire of the Holy Spirit, this does not mean that the atmosphere was destroyed. It means that the cleansing of the earth’s atmosphere from pollution, disease and the kingdom of Satan was accomplished so instantaneously that the destruction of these elements created a loud audible sound. The end result is that the atmosphere is now pristine to include the complete repair of the ozone and perhaps a restoration of the adamic earth that included the watering of the earth from a mist that arose a night from the ground (Genesis 2:6). This is most probably referring to a heavy fog that developed on the earth every night. The warm water vapor that was created during the day, condensed overnight on the cooler leaves of plants and dripped water droplets to the ground for root systems to absorb. The thunder heard by John may also have been produced in part by the removal of the spirits and bodies of all the unrighteous people who have ever existed from the earth. Satan and his legions of fallen angels and demons will no doubt put up a tremendous fight while being forced to ascend up through the sky in order to receive their eternal judgments by God. All of these atmospheric conditions and disruptions may combine for one brief moment to create the deep rumble that John heard.
John also tells us that he saw at this time the earth seem to melt from the cleansing flame of the Holy Spirit (Revelation 6:14, 20:11). Again, this does not seem to express the idea that the earth was literally brought to a molten state with all life destroyed. It means that the fire John saw envelope the earth was in fact similar to the fire that the people saw emanating from the top of the heads of the apostles on the day of Pentecost. The fire power of the Holy spirit is strong enough to easily destroy a planet or all of God’s creations for that matter. But, it can also be gentle enough to indwell a born again believer and hamper the urge to sin. The fire John saw looked like the flames of a typical physical fire and it covered the entire earth. But while the fired destroyed the unrighteous elements of earth that include people, places and things, it would not have destroyed innocent animal and plant life as they are without sin. It may have destroyed animals and plants that have been genetically modified but it would leave the rest of earth’s life forms to repopulate the earth. It was similar to the fire of the burning bush that Moses witnessed in the wilderness. The voice of God spoke to him from a bush that burned but was not consumed or destroyed (Exodus 3:2). This was yet another prophetic shadow of a future event. On the cross, the Word of God or Jesus, had the burning wrath of God poured out on Him, but He was not consumed or destroyed. Instead, He arose from death on the third day. The fire that John saw was a cleansing fire that destroyed all things on the earth that were not seen as Holy or natural in the eyes of God.
However, if the fire of the Holy Spirit did literally heat up the earth to a molten state, and He definitely has the power to do this, then the animal and plant life that God deemed righteous would have most likely been raptured off the earth and brought back after the cleansing process was concluded. This would be similar to Noah taking the animals into the ark so that they floated safely above the cleansing action of the flood. Some Bible scholars believe that during this time of regeneration by fire, the righteous will have been raptured off the earth and into the descending New Jerusalem. There they would have be given tours of their new eternal homes designed specifically for them according to their desires. In any case, Scripture tell us that once God creates something, He does not have a record of completely destroying it and then recreating it again. This is because all that God creates is good. It is sin that has polluted the good that God has created. God did not create evil. Evil is the absence of good that has been perpetuated by Satan. All Sin originated in the heart of Satan. To remove Satan is to remove the testing of mankind by Satan. Now that Satan is temporarily confined to the Pit, two major changes occur concerning mankind.
First, the immortals that accompanied Christ back to earth have been purged of their past sins and their sin nature. So, they arrive on earth ready to serve in the Millennial Reign sin free. Secondly, the saved mortals of the earth who survived the tribulation have also had their past sins forgiven by Christ through the cross. And, these mortals are so relieved that Christ now rules the earth with an iron rod {righteousness of God}, that they would never consider going back to the old ways of sin and judgment. And, since Satan is not here to tempt them, walking the straight line is simple and preferable. God’s creations are now free to exist in the state of perfection He originally created for them. However, their children created during the thousand year Reign, have never been tested by Satan for virtue. Therefore, when Satan is released from the pit for a short time on earth, he causes many of them to rebel against the rule of Christ for which they are quickly destroyed, judged and confined in the Lake of Fire (Revelation 20:7-10).
John now says that as the earth and the atmosphere were in the process of being made clean, pure and holy, he looked up and saw the New Jerusalem coming down to the earth out of the heavens (Revelation 21:1-4). The people and the earth have been made clean, righteous, Holy and are now fit to be in the very presence of God their creator. Therefore, God can now come down to the earth to dwell with mankind for the first time since before the fall of Adam. The sins and pollution of all of mankind caused by Satan have now been erased forever. It will be as if this time of unrighteousness never existed. The memories of these people and events have been erased from the Book of Life which means they are also erased from the memories of the Holy Children of God. (Matthew 5:5; Isaiah 60:21, Isaiah 66:22). We now have a holy physical earth populated with holy physical mortal and immortal populations who all have homes in a holy physical New Jerusalem. And it is from this Jerusalem that a Holy Triune Godhead rule all creation both physical and spiritual. The shadow of this is event is currently celebrated by the Jews as the Feast of Sukkot or Tabernacles.
With the arrival of the New Jerusalem and the Triune Godhead, the Millennial Reign of Christ on earth is complete. It is at this time that Christ will surrender to God the Father a redeemed mankind residing on a redeemed earth. He has overseen this process as part of the Eternal Covenant. Christ as the Word of God, spoke all of creation into existence. He over saw the creation of the earth and the Garden of Eden. He molded Adam from clay, breathed the breath of life into him and then took him to the Garden. He then cloned Eve from the DNA of Adam and brought the two together in the bonds of Holy matrimony. He was there at the fall of man and taught Adam how to sacrifice as a part of God’s plan of redemption for mankind. He was there when Cain killed Abel, when Abraham with Isaac climbed Mount Moriah, the giving of the Law at Mount Saini and the exodus of the Israelites. And He allowed Himself to become a man, personally preached the plan of God to men and die for the salvation of mankind. He came back to the earth a second time and defeated Satan, the Antichrist and his army of angels, men and demons. He reigned over the earth for one thousand years to show mankind how the earth and life was supposed to have been without sin. He conducted the Great White Throne Judgement of unrighteous men and fallen angels. And He designed and built the final, perfect and eternal home for mankind, the New Jerusalem. He has consummated the Eternal Covenant He made with God the Father before the foundations of the earth were created. He now surrenders the earth and all of creation to God. It is at this moment that every creature in heaven and earth bow and confesses that Jesus is the Christ and Lord over all creation (Philippians 2:9-11). This event is known as the Great Abdication when the Triune Godhead is reunited to its original state in eternity past and becomes, “All in All” (I Corinthians 15:24-28).
The Age of the Kingdom of God is now established and past. Now begins the start of a new Age known as the Age of Perfection. We are now beyond the sixth day of the creation of man and even the seventh day of completion and rest. We are now in the eighth day of perfection. A time when all things have been made new (Revelation 21:5). The old has passed away and is no longer remembered by God and mankind. We are now entering a period referred to as “the fulness of time” or again, the “Age of Perfection” (Ephesians 1:8-10). God promised through the prophet Isaiah that this New Heaven and New Earth along with the nation of Israel shall always remain (Isaiah 66:22). And finally, the Godhead has literally descended down to the earth to eternally dwell with mankind. Again, this is the actual event prophesied through the final 7th Jewish Feast of Sukkot when God lives with mankind (Revelation 3-4).
Thumbnail Sketch Of Final Day Of Millennial Reign Of Christ
Shortly after Satan is released from the bottomless pit, he causes a worldwide rebellion against the rule of Christ. This army is made up of the children born during the millennial reign. They have been tested by God through the use of Satan and many have failed. They organize an assault on Jerusalem where Jesus the Christ reigns. Their plan is to overthrow Him and put a world leader of their choosing in charge of world affairs. As they begin their final approach to the city, a fire suddenly comes down from the sky and instantly destroys the entire army. This same fire will also destroy anyone on the earth that was in moral support of this rebellion. The fire destroys those against the rule of God in much the same way as the Word that Christ spoke during His Second Coming destroyed all the unrighteous of the world one thousand years earlier. This destruction is accomplished by the Holy Spirit who is the power of God (Revelation 20:8-9).
The fire has a twofold purpose. Not only does it rid the world one last time of the unrighteous but, it purifies the earth and its atmosphere. It will destroy anything that is objectionable to God. This includes not only people but places such as Babylon, Sheol, graves and certain manmade object. Scripture does not say that the earth is destroyed by fire only regenerated (Matthew 19:28). Scripture does not tell us if the fire of the holy spirit destroys some things on earth while passing over others. Or, if those things acceptable to God are raptured off the earth during the purification process. This was the case with the flood of Noah. During the purification of the earth by the flood waters, Noah, his family and the life forms God wanted saved were safely floating above the water. So, in this case, it may be that the righteous are raptured up off the earth and into the descending New Jerusalem. We have an example of this type of rapture when Philip was raptured from one place on earth to another (Acts 8:37-40). There they will be given a tour by Christ of their new homes created exclusively for them. Meanwhile, down on earth, the unrighteous rebels are destroyed as the New Jerusalem gently descends to reside on Mount Zion in Jerusalem. So once again, we see a time when the people of God are off the earth and celebrating with Christ while the world goes through one final purification process to make it acceptable as the place from which God will rule all creation.
The city was personally designed by Christ as an eternal home for the followers of God. We are not told where it was built but because it is a physical structure designed to rest on a physical earth, one might reasonably assume it was constructed somewhere in the vastness of physical space. The city has now been transported from its construction site to the earth. It is a massive structure measuring 1,500 miles by 1,500 miles by 1,500 miles (Revelation 21:15-17). This building would take up half of the north American continent.
With the descent of the New Jerusalem and the earth purified, we are told that Sheol has emptied out all of its inmates from Cain to the last rebel killed by the fire. They are given resurrected bodies and raptured off the earth to an unnamed place. There they will be individually judged by Christ and appropriately sentenced for their crimes against God and mankind. This is known as the Great White Throne Judgment of God. At the end of this judgement period, every unrighteous angel, spirit, human and Satan himself will be imprisoned. This place will then be covered over and eternally forgotten on earth and in heaven. The names and events associated with the ungodly will be erased from the Book of Life and all human memory. It will be as if they never existed because now, they never did.
The New Jerusalem on the New Earth is the permanent home for the remnant of Jews that survived the tribulation and the saints of the 2,000 year Church Age. We know that the saints are made immortal in order to serve during the one-thousand-year millennial reign. And we know that those who survive the tribulation and deemed holy by God continue to live and repopulate the earth. This presents and interesting question.
At the end of the Reign of Christ we have a situation in which the mortal population of the earth is living extremely long lives as did the patriarchs and producing million and at some point in time, billions of people. We know that the earth is only capable of naturally supporting about 1.5 billion people. You are probably saying, if this is true, how does it currently support a population of almost 8 billion? This is only possible due to the discovery in the early 1900’s of a process whereby air is put under enormous pressure. This forces the nitrogen molecule to detach. and thus produce liquid nitrogen that is used as the main component in fertilizer. It is the invention of manmade nitrogen that has allowed the earth’s population to swell far beyond its natural limits. Disrupt the production of nitrogen and the earth would experience immediate and catastrophic worldwide starvation. So, at the end of Christ’s reign, we are back to an issue of overpopulation because you still have two types of people. Those that are immortal and apparently sterile, and a growing mortal population of people living lives of one thousand years or longer and producing billions of off spring.
In the Garden, the solution was easy. At some point, Adam and Eve along with their children would have produced a population that would have required God to lead them from the Garden and out into the vast Land of Eden to continue to populate the earth with Godly people. But Adam sinned and God went with Plan B which we have previously discussed. So, we are still left with the issue of a finite earth supporting an infinite population. And while the problem seems unsolvable, there is a solution and it is right in front of our eyes every night. To better understand the solution, please see the paper on "The Sky is Only a Stepping Stone"
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